This word assures that Elam will be a part of the restored nations around the New Jerusalem in the new heaven and new earth (Rev. 21:24, 26; 22:2*b). See note Jer. 46:1^1a, par. 2.

The forefather of the Elamites was a son of Shem (Gen. 10:22). The nation of Elam was once a province of Media, with the city of Shushan (Susa) as its capital (Dan. 8:2; Esth. 1:2). The Elamites were enemies of Israel (Ezra 4:8-9), and in ancient times the king of Elam was defeated by Abraham (Gen. 14:1, 17). Hence, Elam typifies the world that is the enemy of God’s chosen people (John 15:19).

Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor are Arabia (Isa. 21:13-17; Ezek. 27:21). The people of Kedar were the descendants of Ishmael (Gen. 25:13), and they were nomadic (Psa. 120:5; S.S. 1:5; Isa. 60:7). Hazor was very much involved with Israel (Josh. 11:10-13; Judg. 4:2-3; 1 Sam. 12:9). Arabia typifies the world that mixes with the people of God.

Damascus was a part of Syria (2 Sam. 8:5). It was close to Israel and had dealings and wars with Israel (1 Kings 15:18-21; 19:15-16; 2 Kings 16:7-16; 1 Kings 11:23-25; 1 Chron. 18:5-6; 2 Chron. 24:23). Damascus typifies the world that is close to and involved with the kingdom of God.

See note Jer. 48:47¹.

Perhaps another form of Milcom, the name of the god of the Ammonites (1 Kings 11:33). So also in v. 3.

Like Moab, Ammon was born of Lot through his committing incest with his daughters (Gen. 19:30-38). The nation of Ammon typifies the world of fleshly lust that fights against God’s chosen people and misleads them into idolatry (Judg. 11:12; 1 Sam. 12:12*a; 2 Chron. 20:10-11; Psa. 83:4-8; 1 Kings 11:5, 7).

At the war of Armageddon Christ will come to judge the nations from Bozrah, the capital of Edom. The Lord Jesus will come back first to Bozrah, and He will tread the great winepress from Bozrah to Armageddon, destroying Antichrist and all the evil armies of the world gathered there (Rev. 14:17-20; 16:12-16; 19:11-15, 19-21; Isa. 63:1-6; Joel 3:1-2, 9-13). See note Isa. 63:2^1a.

Even with a people such as the Edomites, God is very concerned for the widows and the orphans and desires that they, and all human beings, trust in Him (cf. 1 Tim. 2:3-4).

Edom was a nation of the descendants of Esau, the twin brother of Jacob (Gen. 36:1). Esau was hated by God and destined by God to serve his younger brother, and he struggled in the flesh against his brother (v. 10a; Gen. 25:21-26a; Mal. 1:3a; Rom. 9:13b; 1 Kings 11:14-16; 2 Kings 8:20, 22; Psa. 83:4-6; 137:7; Num. 20:21). Thus, the nation of Edom typifies the world of the old and fleshly man who struggles against the God-chosen and spiritual people (cf. Gal. 4:29; 5:17).