In chs. 43—45 Christ as the Servant of Jehovah is typified by Cyrus king of Persia, who was Jehovah’s Shepherd and who fulfilled all the desires of Jehovah. Cyrus served God by defeating Babylon, God’s enemy (Isa. 48:14), which had captured His people and destroyed the temple (2 Kings 24, 2 Kings 25), by declaring the release of Israel from captivity, and by issuing a decree allowing the Jews to rebuild their temple in Jerusalem (Isa. 45:13; Ezra 1:2-3). These three things are types, signifying Christ’s defeating Satan (Heb. 2:14), releasing His believers from Satan’s captivity (Luke 4:18b; Eph. 4:8), and building up the church as God’s temple (Matt. 16:18; Eph. 2:21). See note Isa. 41:2¹.

See note Isa. 43:7¹.

See note Isa. 41:8¹.

Lit., it.

Supplied from the Septuagint text.

See note Isa. 43:10².

From the Hebrew root meaning upright.