Meaning burden bearer. The central thought of Amos’s prophecy, which is nearly the same as that of Hosea and Joel, is that Jehovah punishes the nations and chastises Israel that the age of restoration (Matt. 19:28) may be brought in for the kingdom of David (Amos 9:11-12; Acts 15:15-16) — the kingdom of Christ (Rev. 11:15).

The words Because of three transgressions…indeed, because of four indicate repeated transgressions, which were the cause of God’s judgments on Judah and Israel and on the surrounding nations. So throughout chs. 1—2.

Lit., it. So throughout the book.

Or, vanity; referring to idols.

I.e., Syria.

Ammon and Moab (Amos 2:1) were sons of Lot by incest (Gen. 19:30-38).