Understood by the Septuagint translators to read, tabernacle of Moloch and the star of your god Raiphan (i.e., Rompha), their images (cf. Acts 7:43).

Instead of Israel’s hypocritical worship, God wanted Israel to exercise justice and practice righteousness.

Lit., smell (sweetness).

On the one hand, the people of Israel were evil; on the other hand, they still worshipped God with feasts, solemn assemblies, offerings, and singing (vv. 21-23).

See note Joel 1:15^1a.

I.e., the money paid for a life taken (cf. Num. 35:31).

The place where the leading ones exercised judgment (Deut. 21:19; 22:15; Ruth 4:1-2).